Abstract
The Achaemenids (330-550 BC) controlled a vast territory consisting of subordinate nations with their own religion, culture, art, and administrative structure. They realized that they could not control such a vast territory with military force, so they emphasized two-way interaction between the king and the subordinate nations to govern their various regions. The king guaranteed peace and tranquility in these lands in return for loyalty to him. However, during the Achaemenid period, some nations sometimes rebelled and were faced with repression by the central government. This research seeks to answer the question of how and under what conditions the Pax Persica was violated? The present article collects data through library studies and presents the results through historical descriptive analysis. The result indicates that the rebellion of the vassal lands meant disrupting the divine order, and in these cases the Achaemenid kings were forced to violate the Pax Persica. The laws were quite clear and the Achaemenid kings clearly stated their position on this matter in royal inscriptions. So, as long as that land did not commit any act contrary to peace and loyalty to the King, it would coexist peacefully with the center of the empire and benefit from all laws of tolerance in various administrative, cultural, religious, etc. fields, and could even maintain its independence and internal autonomy. But if he acted contrary to maintaining peace and loyalty to the king, then he would be faced with the other side of the coin of tolerance, that is, punishment.
Keywords: Achaemenids, Pax Persica, rebellion, subordinate nations.