Zagros Archaeological Researches

Zagros Archaeological Researches

The occurrence of Cholvar (Cholbar) landslide and the formation of Sarcholl seasonal settlement (Andika-Khuzestan)

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Msaoud Sadeghi Rad
siyamak sharafi 1
Zahra Javadinia 2
Ayoob Soltani 3
1 Associate Professor, Department Geography sciences, Lorestan University, Khorram abad,
2 MA of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Abhar University, Zanjan,
3 MA of Archaeology, research center in Ayapier, Khuzestan
10.22034/z.a.r.2024.716255
Abstract
The occurrence of natural phenomena and their consequences environmental changes have always influenced humans and human settlements. Northern and mountainous areas of Khuzestan are among the areas which have been exposed to abundant natural environmental changes and transformations and consequently the residents of these northern and mountainous areas have changed their life styles. Cholvar (Cholbar) landslide is one of the most ancient landslides occurred in mountainous heights which are investigated in this study. Different tools such as topographic and geological maps, satellite images and also software such as Arc GIS as well as extensive field studies have been used to achieve the desired goals. The results show that after the occurrence of the landslide, the downstream valley has been blocked by a sliding mass and the accumulation of surface runoff caused by rainfall in winter and spring has formed a dam lake with an area of 1.5 hectares. The depth of this lake, depending on rainfall and runoff accumulation, varies between 0.5 to 1.5 meters. Co-occurrence of the time period between accumulation to discharging of the Lake with the Nomads movements time period, has provided them with an opportunity to camp for a few months. Annually reoccurrence of the two-month camps and also considering the lifestyle of nomads have eventually deduced them to build settlements using natural materials. These settlements not only provided the nomads and their livestock with security but also, they satisfied the nomads’ needs to carry the camp and gave them the opportunity to store their barn. Such a nomadic way of accommodation in the area is originated from several of thousands of years; because before the described story and over the time the tribal had satisfied their sheltering needs by settling in caves and digging underground spaces and building houses.
 
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  • Receive Date 04 October 2024